Distinct transfer effects of training different facets of working memory capacity

The impact of working memory training on a broad set of transfer tasks was examined. Each of three groups of participants trained one specific functional category of working memory capacity: storage and processing, relational integration, and supervision. A battery comprisin g tests to measure working memory, task shifting, inhibition, and reasoning was administered before, immediately after, and 6 months after 4 weeks of computer-ba sed training. Training groups were compared to an active control group practicing perceptual matching tasks. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models that revealed distinct transfe r profiles for the experimental groups: Stora ge-Processing training had an effect on working memory and reasoning, and Supervisio n training improved task shifting and reasoning. There was no such broad transfer of Relational Integration training. The degree of improvement in the training tasks correlated positivel y with the magnitude of transfer. Differen tial effects of training different functional categories of working memory and executive functions could explain why previous studies yielded mixed results: Training specific processes leads to transfer on specific cognitive constructs only. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.